Nevertheless, as a way to process the crystal may be very advanced manufacturing techniques are demanded. Considering that the dawn of this crystal, engaged on this challenge, we are actually the only enterprise on earth that may be processed During this crystal.

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The standard electricity with the NIR laser continue to has the prospective for being improved to tens of watts such as 70 W [26] if the double-go configuration may very well be utilized for the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier phase. Consequently, if the conversion performance of 31% from NIR to DUV might be nevertheless managed at this larger electric power problem, the normal output power on the DUV laser at 258 nm can be a lot more than twenty W, which would be a exceptional electric power level for your DUV laser and bring on the unanticipated DUV laser machining results. In addition, for prime-electric power DUV laser, the UV damage of the nonlinear crystal, including the windows for CLBO crystal as well as the mirrors, is yet another essential parameter for lasting and steady operation.

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Due to the thermal lens result in the reliable-point out lasers, When the heating administration is insufficient, It's not at all easy to acquire the reliable-point out laser using a large ability as well as a significant beam quality simultaneously. Not long click here ago, with the event of the thin disk laser and solitary-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a substantial-power laser at the elemental wavelength (one μm) were understood with a fantastic beam top quality Despite a TEM00 mode beam [four,24], which might be very good candidates for the fundamental from the DUV laser generation. An additional prospect for the basic would be the large-electricity fiber laser which could possibly be reached by coherent beam combination with M2 value lower than 1.

On the other facet, the facility scaling with the NIR laser is an additional factor to raise the normal electric power in the 193-nm DUV laser. Mainly because of the not enough the significant-ability amplification Option in the NIR laser (by way of example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes including optical parameter oscillation (OPO) could possibly be applied to establish a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the desired wavelength as well as obtaining relative higher electrical power [21]. Just lately, a diamond Raman laser showed its ability in obtaining a significant electricity and also a significant conversion performance within the 1st Stokes of your one-μm laser [22,23], which implies the likelihood for being applied within the 193-nm DUV laser technology thanks to its substantial Raman obtain and huge frequency change.

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Cesium Lithium Borate (CsLiB6O10 or CLBO) is the simplest non-linear crystal which generates ultraviolet harmonics of your Nd:YAG elementary laser wavelength. As a way to increase the injury threshold, small CLBO floor roughness, by extremely-precision machining, is required. As the CLBO crystal has easy hydroscopic response and micro scratches in machining, ultra-exact machining of the CLBO crystal can be a tricky complex difficulty.

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Its UV absorption edge reaches 180 nm. The efficient nonlinear optical coefficient of CLBO for frequency doubling at 1064nm is about 2 times as substantial as that of KDP. CLBO crystals could be developed within the stoichiometric melt with lower viscosity.

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